The Cognitive Neurophysiology Lab (CNL) is based on the premise of opening up brain surgery to the most fundamental quest of neuroscience: the relation between the human brain and the human mind. CNL is therefore centered on the extraordinary opportunities offered by neurosurgery to directly study this problem. From direct recording and stimulation of the brain during awake neurosurgical procedures to the monitoring of patients implanted with intracranial electrodes we are able to obtain data from patients who can declare their thoughts, wishes, memories and emotions. Using electrodes originally designed at UCLA (Behnke-Fried electrodes) we are able to record single neuron activity and local field potentials at various brain sites. Furthermore, using modification of these electrodes we are able to provide small amounts of electrical stimulation with the goal of ameliorating memory dysfuction.